Ecosystems, in the organisational sense, have become prevalent in recent years to address the need for bringing together communities of different actors and provide them with a supportive environment to work together (for a recent review of this literature, see Bogers et al., 2021; also see Jacobides et al., 2018). Given the complex and diverse nature of ecosystems, with the central idea that different actors are dependent on one another to bring about an integrated value proposition, it is a challenge to effectively build and manage them. Managing ecosystems of loosely interdependent actors that have diverse motivations is particularly challenging in comparison to managing contractual alliances and networks (Aarikka-Stenroos & Ritala, 2017). To make sense of this challenge, this report outlines a framework with some of the tools that are key to building and managing ecosystems.

Authors: Jessica Fishburn, Christina Häfliger, Nelly Dux, Paavo Ritala, Henri Hakala, Argyro Almpanopoulou, Cristina Alaimo, Henry Chesbrough

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